English Practice Day 11
Have verb-এর সাথে যদি কোন verb বসে তবে তা সবসসময় Past participle (v3) হবে।
- Have verb → have, has, had, having
- Past participle (v3) → done, gone, written, ইত্যাদি
কোন কিছু নেওয়া, খাওয়া, গ্রহণ করা ইত্যাদি অর্থে Have verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- I have a shower before I go to bed.
- I have had my dinner already.
- Have you had your breakfast?
- She is having fun.
- Do you like having coffee?
কারো কিছু থাকা (আছে/ছিল) বোঝাতে Have verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- The cow has two horns.
- She has a lovely garden.
- They had a delicious dinner last night.
- We have a meeting at 3 o’clock.
- Do you have any plans for the weekend?
কেউ কোন একটি কাজ সম্পূর্ণরূপে শেষ করেছে বোঝালে have / has + v3 হয়।
- She has finished reading the book.
- We have cooked dinner for the family.
- They have completed the homework assignment.
- He has fixed the broken window in the living room.
- I have visited London twice in my life.
(কর্তাহীন বাক্যে) কোন একটি কাজ সম্পূর্ণরূপে শেষ হয়েছে বোঝালে have been / has been + v3 হয়।
- He has been given the book.
- The letter has been posted.
- The application has been submitted.
- The room has been cleaned.
- The dinner has been cooked.
একটা নির্দিষ্ট সময় থেকে কেউ কোথাও বা কোন অবস্থায় আছে বোঝালে have been / has been হয়।
- I have been at the supermarket for half an hour.
- She has been in the park since morning.
- They have been absent since last month.
- He has been ill for two days.
- I have been busy with work all week.
অতীতে কেউ কোথাও বা কোন অবস্থায় কিছু সময় ছিল বোঝালে had been হয়।
- He had been in America for two months.
- I hadn’t been in the office for three hours only.
- He had been in jail for a long time.
- I had been ill for two days.
- She had been absent for a week.
একটা নির্দিষ্ট সময় থেকে কেউ কোন একটি কাজ এখনও করছে বোঝালে have been / has been + v4 হয়।
- I have been reading in this school for three years.
- It’s been raining heavily since morning.
- She’s been studying at the library all day.
- They have been reading from the evening.
- We’ve been waiting for the bus for half an hour.
অতীতকালে দুটি কাজ হলে এর মধ্যে যে কাজটি তুলনামূলক প্রথমে ঘটেছে তা বোঝাতে had + v3 হয়।
- The doctor came after the patient had died.
- The doctor had come before the patient died.
- Sajib had come before Sadia came.
- The train had left before he reached the station.
- The rain started after I’d reached home.
কেউ কোথাও ঘুরতে গিয়েছিলো বা কেউ কোথাও কিছু সময়ের জন্য ছিল বোঝালে have been to / has been to হয়।
- I have been to America twice.
- Have you been to a concert yet?
- Have you been to the new café downtown?
- Has he been to the museum before?
- Zara has been to most of the European countries.
কমপাউন্ড বাক্যে ডিপেন্ডেন্ট ক্লজ বোঝালে having + v3 ব্যবহৃত হয়। মূলত after + v4, without + v4 ইত্যাদির পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Having heard the news, I was shocked.
- Not having got the news, I was worried.
- Having read the email, I can reply to them.
- Having seen me, he escaped.
- Not having seen the reports, how will the doctor prescribe medicines?